A Super Bad Idea

The government’s recent backdown on the $3 million superannuation cap tax was as inevitable as it was overdue. From the start, the proposal to tax unrealised gains and to leave the $3 million threshold unindexed was unworkable, unfair, and destructive to investor confidence. Yet it still made it this far. That should concern everyone.

The idea of taxing unrealised gains is one of those concepts that makes sense to someone who has never built anything, but it falls apart in practice. It would have forced Australians to pay tax on increases in asset values they haven’t realised, money they don’t actually have. Imagine being forced to sell assets in a falling market just to fund a tax bill on a paper gain from the year before. It would have distorted investment behaviour, punished long-term savers, and turned a retirement vehicle into a speculative guessing game.

The failure to index the $3 million threshold compounded the problem. Inflation and compounding returns would have dragged more and more Australians into the net over time, not because they were super-rich, but because they had been prudent. The policy would have quietly shifted the goalposts every year, punishing success and eroding the principle of fairness on which the super system was built.

These were never minor oversights. They were red flags. Yet they were allowed to progress, right up until this week. Which raises a deeper issue. Increasingly, I see these extreme policy ideas being floated, almost as sacrificial pawns. Governments know the public will push back against overreach. By inserting unworkable elements, such as taxing unrealised gains, they create something to “give up” later, allowing the core legislation to pass with less resistance. There ends up being no opposition to the 15% additional tax because everyone has been distracted by smoke and mirrors.

This kind of political theatre might make sense in Canberra, but it undermines the integrity of the entire super system. Superannuation works because people can plan with confidence. Every time the rules change, that confidence is shaken. Investors begin to wonder not just what’s next, but whether they can trust the system at all. Constant tinkering turns a long-term savings framework into a short-term political tool.

It’s worth remembering that effective caps on super aren’t new. We’ve been here before. Back in the 1990s, the system had Reasonable Benefit Limits (RBLs) that capped how much individuals could hold in tax-advantaged super. The principle was clear. The limits were transparent, predictable, and indexed, so people could plan accordingly. The new proposals ignored that history and instead created confusion, inequity, and distrust.

The governments retreat is welcome, but the damage is done. The very act of proposing such measures sends a message that no rule is safe, no commitment permanent. It was a mean-spirited and opportunistic grab at retirement savings after years of government incentives to contribute to super. That’s a dangerous precedent for a system built on trust and time horizons that stretch decades into the future. Super is supposed to be the one part of the financial landscape Australians can count on. It deserves better than to be used as a bargaining chip.

General Disclaimer: This information is of a general nature only and may not be relevant to your particular circumstances. The circumstances of each investor are different, and you should seek advice from an investment adviser who can consider if the strategies and products are right for you. Historical performance is often not a reliable indicator of future performance. You should not rely solely on historical performance to make investment decisions.

Is Gold a Good Investment?

Gold has always had a unique place in the investment world. It’s tangible, timeless, and symbolic of wealth and security. In uncertain times, it often performs well. In 2025, when markets are volatile, central banks are recalibrating, and inflation and interest rates are moving in unpredictable ways, gold has been a great performer. The question for me though is whether gold still has a place in a modern portfolio.

The case for gold begins with its role as a store of value. When inflation erodes the purchasing power of paper currencies, gold tends to hold its worth. It has a long track record of protecting investors during periods of high inflation or when confidence in fiat money weakens. Beyond that, gold provides what investors want when uncertainty rises; diversification. It doesn’t move in lockstep with equities or bonds, and that lack of correlation can smooth the bumps in a portfolio during turbulent times.

Another key argument in favour of gold today is the strong demand from central banks and institutional investors. Around the world, central banks are buying record amounts of gold to diversify away from the US dollar and strengthen their reserves. That steady demand provides a floor under prices and signals a deeper structural confidence in gold as a reserve asset. There’s also the appeal of owning something real. Physical gold doesn’t rely on a promise to pay or a balance sheet behind it. It’s not someone else’s liability. For some investors, the ability to hold value in their hands is its own reassurance, especially when trust in financial systems is being tested.

The case against gold, however, is just as strong. Gold doesn’t pay interest, rent or dividends. It doesn’t compound. When interest rates are higher the opportunity cost of holding a non-yielding asset becomes more obvious. Investors could instead be earning 4 or 5 percent in bonds or term deposits while gold simply earns no income. There are also practical downsides. Physical gold needs to be stored safely, which means costs for vaulting, insurance, and security. While gold is often seen as stable, its price can be highly volatile. It can fall sharply after strong runs just as quickly as it climbs.

Then there’s the macro dynamic. When real interest rates rise, gold tends to struggle. Rising real yields increase the appeal of income-producing assets and reduce the relative attraction of gold. While real rates will likely come down in the short term, if central banks are forced to keep rates higher for longer, that could completely change the thesis for gold.

Another consideration is speculative behaviour. When prices surge, investors rush in, often late, which can inflate bubbles that eventually burst. The same fear and greed cycles that move stocks also exist in gold markets. There are many assets and areas that have been incredibly popular and delivered great returns but don’t meet the requirements to be included in our portfolios. We don't invest in crypto currencies or bitcoin, I consider Chinese stocks uninvestible, art and collectibles, most private credit and private equity are too high risk in my opinion. Gold’s appeal lies more in emotion than economics. It reflects fear, not fundamentals.

Gold may well continue to rise, just as other speculative assets might, but that doesn't make it a sound investment. Price movements alone don’t justify inclusion in a disciplined portfolio. Part of the core investment criteria for our portfolios is that the assets must create value and pay or earn income. Businesses, infrastructure and real assets that generate income and growth. It's not about chasing trends or what feels safe in the moment. Gold offers no earnings, no compounding and no productivity. It may have a place as a diversifier for some, but for me, investing with conviction means having clarity on what you own and staying disciplined throughout.

General Disclaimer: This information is of a general nature only and may not be relevant to your particular circumstances. The circumstances of each investor are different, and you should seek advice from an investment adviser who can consider if the strategies and products are right for you. Historical performance is often not a reliable indicator of future performance. You should not rely solely on historical performance to make investment decisions.

The Power of Compound Interest

Albert Einstein once called compound interest the “eighth wonder of the world.” Whether or not he said it doesn’t really matter, the sentiment of the statement does. Nothing illustrates the quiet force of time and discipline in finance better than compound interest. It’s the snowball that grows bigger with every roll, turning small amounts into huge outcomes.

In a world that obsesses over quick wins and instant results, compound interest is a great reminder that the most powerful forces in life work slowly, quietly, and then suddenly all at once.

At its simplest, compound interest is interest on interest. Unlike simple interest, which is calculated only on the original principal, compound interest includes the accumulated interest from previous periods. Each cycle adds not just to your base, but to your base plus everything it has already earned. This creates an exponential effect. The more time you give it, the more powerful it becomes.

Here’s a simple example. Imagine you invest $10,000 at a 7% annual return:

• After 10 years: $19,671

• After 20 years: $38,696

• After 30 years: $76,123

In year 30, you earned over $4,700 in interest alone, almost half your original investment, without lifting a finger. That’s the essence of compounding. It’s not a straight line. It’s an exponential curve that rewards those who are patient.

People struggle with exponential thinking. Our brains are wired for linear thinking but exponential growth sneaks up on us. It’s why the pace of pandemics, technology adoption, and investment returns so often surprise us.

There is a classic thought experiment that captures this. If you place one grain of rice on the first square of a chessboard, then double it on every square. So, the second square has 2, the third has 4, the fourth has 8 and so on, until all 64 squares are filled. How many grains do you think it becomes? Well, by the 64th square, the total rice would be 18 quintillion grains. More grains than have ever been produced in human history.

The same principle is at play in your investment portfolio. The early years feel slow, almost frustrating. But with enough time, the numbers start to move sharply upwards. What begins as a trickle becomes a flood.

This is why starting early matters so much. A 20-year-old investing $500 a month until age 60 at 7% annual returns will end up with over $1.2 million. A 30-year-old doing the exact same thing will end with around $600,000 or less than half. The difference isn’t the contribution. It’s the time.

The hardest part of compounding isn’t the math. It’s the discipline. It’s resisting the urge to panic when markets fall, it’s resisting the noise of the daily news cycle or chasing the latest fad or hot stock. The great investor Charlie Munger put it simply: “The first rule of compounding is never to interrupt it unnecessarily.”

My favourite investor, Warren Buffett often says his fortune is the result of “living in America, some lucky genes, and compound interest.” He built one of the greatest fortunes in history not through outrageous risk-taking, but through consistency and time. In fact, over 90% of his net worth was accumulated after age 60. Simply because compounding had decades to snowball.

The greatest mistake people make with compound interest is underestimating it. In the short term, it feels slow. In the long term, it is remarkable. But it isn’t magic, it is basic math, and it is available to anyone with the discipline to let it work. Compound interest is a philosophy of patience, and it rewards those who are not only consistent and disciplined but who also stay the course. Start early, stay consistent, avoid interrupting the process and think long term. The eighth wonder of the world is available to all of us.

General Disclaimer: This information is of a general nature only and may not be relevant to your particular circumstances. The circumstances of each investor are different, and you should seek advice from an investment adviser who can consider if the strategies and products are right for you. Historical performance is often not a reliable indicator of future performance. You should not rely solely on historical performance to make investment decisions.

North Star

I watched an old Steve Jobs speech recently where he spoke about how the best companies in the world are built around values not products. He talked about how the greatest companies in the world, the ones that endure for decades, such as Nike and Disney, don’t talk about their products at all. They explain what they stand for. Their core values come through in everything they do. They have a north star guiding them. It's how he built Apple too. Nike's north star was celebrating the spirit of athletics. For Disney, it was being a storytelling company that connects with people's hearts. 

Every company begins with some version of a dream. It might be to solve a problem the founder couldn’t ignore, to disrupt an industry that had grown complacent, or to capture an opportunity others had overlooked. But dreams fade quickly in the grind of the day-to-day reality. Budgets, investor updates, quarterly earnings reports, staffing challenges all consume a leader’s attention. While a north star doesn’t remove these pressures, it anchors the business against them. It helps to define why we’re here, what matters, and what we will not compromise on.  

The great companies that endure almost always have this clarity. One of the best examples is Patagonia, whose north star is not to sell outdoor gear but to save the planet. Founded by Yvon Chouinard in 1973, that purpose threads through every decision at the company, from the materials they use, the campaigns they run, even the decision to give away the entire company to a trust dedicated to fighting climate change. It’s why people buy from them, why employees want to work there, and why the company matters to the people they serve.  

Just how meaningful this is hit home in a recent podcast interview I did with Barry Saad, founder of Truck Tech here in Sydney. He started the business with his wife and one service truck in 2007. Today the business employs over 140 people and services more than 7,000 assets, including trucks and buses. He talked about his industry and how he feels that the work they do is the most important and meaningful in the world. That comment struck me. I mean I’m all about being passionate but how important is servicing a truck or bus really?  

It turns out really important, and it didn’t take long for Barry to make me see things in a completely different way. What Barry and his team do, he explained, is make sure that the truck drivers get home to their families each night. They make sure that the kids on the buses are safe, so they too get home safely to their families. I’d read about great companies in business case studies who had brilliantly defined what they do and why they do it, but none had hit me quite like this. In the blink of an eye Barry made me understand the real power of a north star. 

With a north star everything becomes clear. A north star cuts through the noise. It’s the single purpose that everything else revolves around. When a company has a clear north star, it knows what to say no to as much as what to say yes to. Being clear about your values and why you exist leads to long-term decisions without compromising on standards. A personal north star is no different. Which is why it’s difficult for companies and people who have not yet defined one to truly flourish. 

We live in an era where distractions are endless, and the pace of change can be overwhelming. The companies that survive and the people who thrive will be the ones who know where they’re going and why. Everything else follows on from that. But this idea isn’t just for businesses. Life offers us an endless series of choices from which career to pursue, which city to live in, which relationships to nurture, how to spend our limited time. Whether it's for a business or personal north star, it is the answer to the question of what our values are and what we really want to do in life. It doesn’t have to be poetic or grand. It just has to be true. 

General Disclaimer: This information is of a general nature only and may not be relevant to your particular circumstances. The circumstances of each investor are different, and you should seek advice from an investment adviser who can consider if the strategies and products are right for you. Historical performance is often not a reliable indicator of future performance. You should not rely solely on historical performance to make investment decisions.

Learning Not Lectures

Between 2007 and 2011, I completed my Master of Business Administration (MBA) at the University of Western Australia. It was a great experience, I learnt a lot and met some wonderful people. But an MBA can be an expensive and slow way to learn. Today, the same knowledge is available faster, cheaper, and often better. You can read the same books, study the same frameworks, and apply them in real time by starting a business or joining a fast-growing one. Learning by doing will often beat learning in a lecture theatre.

That said, my MBA taught me several things I still use today in business and to assess the industries and companies we look at investing in. What surprised me was how many case studies and topics were based on widely available business books, and how much of the learning was about memorising frameworks developed by big consulting firms. But those frameworks can be powerful if you know when and how to use them.

Here are three of my favourites:

1. Porter’s Five Forces

Michael Porter’s model is one of the best ways to assess the attractiveness of an industry. It forces you to look beyond surface-level growth stories and into the structural dynamics. It covers everything from the competitive rivalry, supplier power, buyer power, the threat of new entrants, and the threat of substitutes. It’s simple, but it sharpens your thinking before you commit capital or resources.

2. Blue Ocean Strategy

Based on the book by W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne, this is about finding uncontested market space rather than battling competitors head-on. The Cirque du Soleil example still stands out: they didn’t try to be a better circus; they created something entirely new by combining theatre and acrobatics. Tesla didn’t just make another car, it redefined what a car could be, with software at its core. Apple did the same with the iPhone, turning a phone into a lifestyle platform. It’s a reminder that differentiation is often more valuable than dominance.

3. Kotter’s 8-Step Change Model

Implementing change inside organisations is difficult. John Kotter’s framework breaks it down into a sequence of 8 distinct steps. Create urgency, build a guiding coalition, form a vision, communicate it, empower action, generate quick wins, consolidate gains, and anchor the change in culture. It’s a blueprint for getting people to move in the same direction when the status quo is comfortable but no longer viable.

Today, there are so many ways you can learn these things, from books to podcasts, there are resources that let you learn on demand, you can even ask ChatGPT to design a course and test you on the content. If you dedicated a single week to reading Blue Ocean Strategy, Leading Change, and a good summary of Porter’s Five Forces, you’d have started accumulating the strategic foundation that often takes MBA students years and a lot of expense to collect.

An MBA will give you structure, deadlines, and a network. But in today’s world, curiosity and execution will get you further, faster. If you want an MBA’s worth of insight, start with these three frameworks and read all the case studies you can find from Harvard Business School, but for all the access to knowledge, what matters most is building something. The most important lesson in today's fast paced world is that building and learning go hand in hand. You must do both.

General Disclaimer: This information is of a general nature only and may not be relevant to your particular circumstances. The circumstances of each investor are different, and you should seek advice from an investment adviser who can consider if the strategies and products are right for you. Historical performance is often not a reliable indicator of future performance. You should not rely solely on historical performance to make investment decisions.

Long End of the Curve

Markets are moving into unusual territory. Over the next 6-12 months, I expect US interest rates will be cut significantly, probably more than they should be, on the back of political pressure. Jerome Powell’s speech at Jackson Hole a couple of weeks ago seems to demonstrate a more dovish Fed. These rate cuts will support equity markets if not drive them higher. For investors, it's a clear tailwind for the AI theme and growth stocks more broadly.

My concern is the combination of tariffs and artificially lower interest rates. On their own, either might be absorbed, but together they risk sparking a return of inflation. I do think this is a serious problem ahead, although it will take time for these indicators to flow through the system. At the same time, we need to overlay the deflationary effect of both AI rapidly lowering prices and reducing jobs and many countries now with declining populations. However, that deflationary effect is a longer-term story in my opinion.

The American consumer sits at the crossroads of these forces. For years, US households have surprised economists with their resilience, continuing to spend despite higher interest rates and tighter conditions. But the recent reporting results from big retailers are starting to tell a different story, that all is not well for the consumer. Rising costs from tariffs and increased uncertainty across the board are beginning to weigh on sentiment. This can easily lead to weaker business conditions.

That leads us to the labour market. Any weakening in business conditions elevates the risk that the jobs market deteriorates more quickly than people expect. If that is the case, it's plausible that the potential cuts in interest rates are in fact warranted. Interest rates may be cut to accommodate Trump's heavy-handed approach to the Federal Reserve. Though there is a potential scenario where they end up being needed, and the move will be seen as a pre-emptive stroke of genius.

So, at this point, I am alert to the prospect of inflation in the future, but I am not yet positioning our client portfolios for it. I think that would be premature. There are many forces at play that will influence the outcome. That said, the massive budget deficit and increased spending from the US government, combined with tariffs and much lower interest rates, really are all the fuel inflation needs to run away.

Although the continued rise of the share market would have you believe all is well, there is a clue for what may lie ahead in the long end of the bond market. Despite rates almost certainly coming down in the short term and Fed Chair Jerome Powell bending to pressure on rates with his dovish rhetoric, long term 30-year US bond yields are creeping up closer to 5%. That tells us that the longer-term direction of inflation and, in turn, interest rates may well be higher.

Long term bond yields are rising to multi-decade highs in many parts of the world. The US 30-year is 4.90%, the UK 30-year bonds are at 5.6%, France and Germany are at 4.49% and 3.4% respectively. Even Japan is at 3.3%. With many of these countries all facing massive deficits, the prospect of raising money to fund their budgets not only becomes more expensive, but the competition between nations for funds will push bond yields higher too. That is a discussion for another day.

So, while central banks are likely to cut interest rates over the next 6-12 months, I don’t think it will be long before inflation resurfaces. The bigger risk then isn’t simply an overheated economy with higher prices, that's painful but manageable. The real danger is inflation reemerging as the economy weakens. That’s stagflation, and it leaves government and central banks with no good options.

So, while the prospects for interest rates at Central Banks across the world are lower in the next 6-12 months, I don’t think it will be long after that inflation does rear its head again. The biggest risk I see ahead is not an overheated economy with inflation, which is painful but manageable. Rather, a far worse outcome would be for inflation to rear its head at a time when the economy is weakening despite the rate cuts. Stagflation leaves governments and central banks with no good options.

General Disclaimer: This information is of a general nature only and may not be relevant to your particular circumstances. The circumstances of each investor are different, and you should seek advice from an investment adviser who can consider if the strategies and products are right for you. Historical performance is often not a reliable indicator of future performance. You should not rely solely on historical performance to make investment decisions.

Deflation’s Perfect Storm

The AI revolution is under way and it’s not just about ChatGPT writing emails faster or image generators producing ad campaigns overnight. Artificial intelligence is on track to become the most powerful deflationary force we’ve seen since the industrial revolution. AI is moving rapidly from new potential to infrastructure. As it progresses and becomes more integrated, it will drive down the cost of producing almost everything. Not just goods and services, but knowledge and even decision making itself. That will have massive implications for the economy and business, as well as investors in the future.  

AI’s influence will be a persistent tailwind for productivity, removing inefficiencies from business models and supply chains in every sector. Design, engineering and testing can now happen in days instead of months. Manufacturing processes can optimise themselves in real time with minimal human oversight. Customer service can operate around the clock without the cost or fatigue of human staff. This is not a theory for the future. It is already happening in parts of the economy today. The longer-term effect is lower costs across the board, bringing prices down.  

Historically, the deflationary pull of new technology has been masked by population growth, rising demand and loose monetary policy. But AI is arriving at a moment when many of the world’s major economies are entering demographic decline too. Japan has been living with it for decades. China’s population has already peaked and is set to shrink by hundreds of millions over the next 25 years. South Korea and much of Europe are heading the same way. What was once a demographic tailwind for growth is becoming a headwind. More than that, when falling demand in areas with declining populations meets rapidly falling costs, the deflationary impact will be magnified, creating the potential for a significant economic shock. 

AI will affect all industries and skill levels, from blue collar manufacturing roles to white collar professional services, through to creative work. Its reach is so broad and so fast that its impact on prices will be more profound and more global than past innovations. In industries where AI commoditises operations, margins will be compressed as competition intensifies. But there will be areas where it not only reduces costs but opens entirely new markets, and the winners will achieve extraordinary growth. These will be the businesses that use AI to create products or services that were not previously possible, or that own unique data sets that AI models depend on.  

This is where it starts to get tricky because reducing costs will translate into many job losses. We are at a point where almost everyone you talk to is starting to feel some concern about job security in the future because of AI. Either their own job or someone’s in their family. As exciting as the advancements in AI technology are for future productivity, it won’t be long before the psychological shift around job security is felt in the economy. This is not good news for an already weakening economy and job market. If fear around job security starts to become embedded in the economy, then we risk a self-fulfilling spiral downward to much higher unemployment as people slow their spending and businesses suffer. This will compound the actual impact of job losses as AI starts to scale up.  

But deflation on its own is not inherently bad. For investors and business leaders, it will create a bifurcated world where incumbents with legacy cost structures are under constant pressure, while more agile operators with lower fixed costs thrive. The challenge will be working out the sectors where AI driven deflation destroys profitability and those where it fuels entirely new growth. Major technological shifts usually create more wealth over time than they destroy, but the distribution is uneven. The opportunity is in identifying where value will emerge as costs fall, whether that’s in platforms, data ownership, or in the service companies that evolve from and around them. 

AI’s deflationary power will reshape the global economy in ways that are both exciting and uncomfortable. We’re entering an era where capital will matter more than labour, and adaptability more than scale. But its impact won’t unfold in isolation. In the decade ahead, while AI drives costs lower, we will also see demand growth slow as populations age and shrink. That convergence will be disruptive, redistributing wealth and changing the rules of competition. For investors, the winners will be those who understand that the world will be shaped almost as much by shifting demographics as by AI’s technological progress. 

General Disclaimer: This information is of a general nature only and may not be relevant to your particular circumstances. The circumstances of each investor are different, and you should seek advice from an investment adviser who can consider if the strategies and products are right for you. Historical performance is often not a reliable indicator of future performance. You should not rely solely on historical performance to make investment decisions.

First Mover Disadvantage

We’ve all heard of first mover advantage, the prime position earned by the company that innovated before the others. Whether it’s launching a product, claiming market share, or pioneering a new technology, being early is often equated with being better. It's what everyone aims for from company founders through to investors. But history tells a more complex story. There are plenty of examples where being first has effectively been a disadvantage. Understanding this is important for companies, but even more so for investors as they allocate capital for the long term.

What people often forget is that many new technologies, especially those that transform or create new industries, require huge amounts of capital simply to build the underlying infrastructure for the technology to scale and reach the mass market. It means that along the way many of the most exciting companies building towards the vision of mass adoption of a technology fall by the wayside, make too many mistakes or run out of money along the way.

One of the best examples of this in recent times is the rise of the internet. I remember in early 2000, as the massive hype was building, it became clear that this technology was going to be transformative. It was, but the amount of capital needed to get the industry to where it needed to go in those early days was massive. Of course, the dot-com boom helped to ensure that the capital and total investment in aggregate needed to build out the foundations of the industry were raised.

In many of the most transformative industries, from airlines to automobiles, there is a similar pattern. Where the biggest rewards often go to the later entrants. Being first means more risk, more uncertainty, and more cost. It means making many mistakes with no guarantee of a path forward. Meanwhile, fast followers are sitting back, watching, learning, and preparing to strike with better timing, better economics, and fewer mistakes.

This isn’t to say that the first movers never win. They do. But surprisingly, the success stories are the exception, not the rule. Amazon, for example, was an early mover in online retail. By the time traditional retailers caught on, Amazon had already established dominance in infrastructure, logistics, and customer trust. Similarly, Netflix made the leap from DVD rentals to streaming before anyone else was even thinking about it seriously. These companies gained scale, users, and built moats that others struggled to create.

However, there is a much longer list of first movers who never made it. Friendster came before Facebook. AltaVista came before Google. Netscape came before Chrome. Myspace came before Instagram, and Palm Pilots and Blackberry came before the iPhone. First movers have to spend more on R&D and infrastructure, educate the market at their own cost, and make the big mistakes others can learn from as part of building towards mass adoption. Conversely, fast followers can analyse what worked, avoid what didn’t, and capitalise on a more informed and receptive market.

This dynamic is even more pronounced in industries with large capital requirements and slow adoption curves. When the Wright brothers took flight at the turn of the century, they changed the course of history. But it wasn’t until decades later that air travel became a commercial business. Hundreds of airline startups burned through capital before a few major carriers found sustainable models. The same was true with automobiles. Dozens of early manufacturers came and went before Ford revolutionised production with the Model T.

Technologies like the internet, mobile networks, and AI are no different. Being first to market often means bearing the costs of infrastructure, educating consumers, navigating regulatory grey zones, and building products that may not yet have viable markets. Fast followers will have more data, more capital, and the benefit of watching early failures. In many cases, the third or fourth wave of players win by building for a world that’s finally ready.

For investors, the key takeaway is that you don’t have to find the next big thing first. You don't have to rush. You have time. Take that time to understand the industry and where it will be best to invest in the long term. While there will always be companies that garner hype and headlines as new technology emerges, you don't need to rush.

There will always be opportunities throughout the adoption cycle of a new technology. Early-stage companies may deliver great returns when they win, but they also carry immense risk. The middle of the cycle, where demand is more certain and adoption is accelerating, can be just as lucrative with less downside.

AI is a great current example. Dozens of companies are rushing to launch models, tools, and applications. Some are burning through cash just to claim a spot in the conversation. But many of the future winners may not yet exist or will emerge as the business case is clearer and the infrastructure is more robust. Investors need to be patient and remember that being early is not the same as being right.

General Disclaimer: This information is of a general nature only and may not be relevant to your particular circumstances. The circumstances of each investor are different, and you should seek advice from an investment adviser who can consider if the strategies and products are right for you. Historical performance is often not a reliable indicator of future performance. You should not rely solely on historical performance to make investment decisions.

Inflation Cocktail

From tariffs and trade deals to his conversations with Jerome Powell or Vladimir Putin. It seems that Donald Trump has made himself the centre of attention when it comes to almost everything going on in the world. Having recently announced trade deals with Japan and the EU, it's been fascinating to watch Trump’s approach to international trade and his negotiation tactics.

Trump’s method of appearing unpredictable in escalating and de-escalating in seemingly random ways has helped land him a clear victory.  Ultimately, he’s worn everyone down to the point where countries and investors alike are happy with 15% tariffs, an outcome that just 4 months ago was sending markets into a meltdown. In effect, markets just want the issue solved so everyone can move on. The psychology here is interesting.

So, in a matter of months, Trump has delivered his ‘One Big Beautiful Bill’ and set the framework for redefining international trade. The next stop for Trump is getting interest rates lower. But while Trump’s deal making may well prove to be a masterstroke for the US economy in the short term, the road ahead is more precariously positioned.

He’s made no secret of his desire for lower interest rates in the US. He’s demanding lower rates from the Fed to create cheaper debt and stimulate investment in the US. He’s also made it clear that the independence of the Federal Reserve is a lower priority than getting rates lower. This is a problem in many ways, but how it will alter the landscape for markets and investors in the years ahead is particularly concerning.

Trump is pushing for interest rates to drop to around 1%. He wants to reduce the short-term cost for the US to borrow the trillions of dollars they need each year to fund their deficits. But history tells monetary policy is a balancing act. If you raise rates too high, you risk choking growth. If you cut them too low and you overheat the economy.

The interplay between tariffs, deficits, and interest rates is where the risks multiply. Tariffs are already pushing consumer prices higher, while Trump’s fiscal policies are injecting more money into the economy. If interest rates are forced lower than is prudent, the risk is that inflationary pressures re-emerge far sooner than expected.

For investors, the near term picture looks positive, and markets usually celebrate rate cuts. Share markets may very well continue to rally in 2025 on the expectation of cheaper borrowing and a softer Fed stance. But the outlook beyond that is less comfortable. Artificially low rates, combined with structural deficits and tariffs, create a setup where inflation could return with force. This would push bond yields higher and potentially lead to more volatile equity markets.

While Trump’s current policies might deliver short-term economic momentum, they are potentially sowing the seeds of a more complex and unstable environment ahead. So, as share markets react positively to the prospects of much lower interest rates in the months ahead, investors should keep in mind the prospect of inflation reemerging next.

General Advice Disclaimer: This information is of a general nature only and may not be relevant to your particular circumstances. The circumstances of each investor are different, and you should seek advice from an investment adviser who can consider if the strategies and products are right for you. Historical performance is often not a reliable indicator of future performance. You should not rely solely on historical performance to make investment decisions.

Car Wars - The Battle Ahead

There is an interesting battlefield emerging in the race to control the next big tech device. Apple saw it coming but shut their project down. Elon Musk was in the lead for a while with Tesla. But it is China who is clearly emerging as the massive winner.

I'm talking about cars.

The humble motor vehicle has been transformed from an analogue machine into the most critical new connected device, combining computers with sensors, microphones, cameras, and remote software controls. Whoever controls this industry will not only shape the future of transport but potentially the future of national security and geopolitics.

China’s BYD is forging ahead with incredible pace, surpassing Tesla in sales and rapidly scaling globally. With more than 4 million vehicles sold in 2024 and a growing foothold in export markets, BYD is forecast to become the world’s leading car manufacturer by the early 2030’s. According to an article in the Australian Financial Review recently, Chinese car brands are projected to account for 43% of vehicle imports into Australia by 2035, up from 17% today.

This is not business as usual. It will be a very different competitive landscape that emerges. The motor vehicle industry has traditionally been fragmented with dozens of manufacturers across continents. But electric vehicles, with their centralised software, battery platforms and connectivity ecosystems, more closely resemble the technology industry in my view. It’s more likely that a handful of dominant players emerge, in a similar way to Apple and Samsung with smartphones or Uber and DiDi in rideshare, to capture the entire market once scale is achieved.

Winning this race isn’t just about cars. It's the future of logistics, automation and surveillance. Modern EVs are rolling data centres. They collect real time geolocation, driving behaviour, voice data and have over the air software update capabilities. In the next decade these vehicles will form the backbone of supply chains, autonomous freight, drone deliver coordination, and potentially military logistics.

This is playing out against the backdrop of deepening US-China tensions. It’s important to be mindful that, despite the noise in the short term around tariffs and trade, the long-term trajectory is economic decoupling and the growing risk of open conflict, be it economic, cyber or military. The recent Microsoft hack, widely attributed to Chinese state backed organisations, highlights how fragile the relationship remains and that these are ongoing risks.

As tensions escalate, Western nations will need to make a decision. Do they continue importing Chinese EVs and risk systemic vulnerability or ban them outright for national security. Regardless of their price or popularity, the risk will simply be too high.

We’ve already seen a preview of this with TikTok. Initially dismissed as a harmless social media app, it has become a flashpoint in debates over data sovereignty and foreign influence. Cars are far more integrated into critical infrastructure. If governments are concerned about a Chinese app on teenagers’ phones, they should be far more concerned about a Chinese operating system embedded in the national transport network.

If China controls this infrastructure in rival nations it creates the potential for coercion, disruption and outright sabotage. Its today's version of controlling the oil supply. Imagine a future where western nations logistics networks are powered by Chinese made electric vehicles, all run on software built and updated in Shenzhen. A single firmware change could bring entire sectors of the economy to a halt. It is a massive strategic risk that is already being embedded in countries around the world.

This is a modern day Trojan Horse. We are welcoming low cost, high tech vehicles into our homes, businesses, and transport systems. These are devices that could one day be switched off, surveilled, or potentially weaponised.

Western carmakers are years behind and without a coordinated industrial strategy, similar to what China has executed for the past decade, there’s a real risk of not being able to catch up. This isn’t a trade issue. It’s not about emissions or consumer choice. It’s about sovereignty. It’s about control. We need to understand that the motor vehicles of the future are not consumer products, but critical infrastructure.

General Disclaimer: This information is of a general nature only and may not be relevant to your particular circumstances. The circumstances of each investor are different, and you should seek advice from an investment adviser who can consider if the strategies and products are right for you. Historical performance is often not a reliable indicator of future performance. You should not rely solely on historical performance to make investment decisions.

Unchartered Territory

As I watched markets such as 30-year US and UK Treasuries plummet on Wednesday night it was becoming clear that if Trump followed through as publicly proposed something in the global economy would soon break. It was concerning because without a pause or some kind of intervention, an economic or financial catastrophe was brewing. Whether it was part of his plan or due to pressure from within the Republican Party, he paused and provided the circuit breaker the market needed. It still appears to me, as I outlined last week, that there are two parts to this. It is negotiation in the short term and a strategic repositioning of the US in the long term.

While many are calling Trump pausing most tariffs for 90 days a ‘backflip’ I expect this was part of the plan. Push as hard as you can and at the point at which it looks like something in the system might break hit pause. One of Trump’s advantages in negotiations is his perceived unpredictability. I'm not sure his tactics are a great way to run a country or create stability but purely from a negotiation standpoint it’s effective. The world cheered as he hit pause but in one fell swoop, he set the minimum and maximum parameters and deadline for each country ahead of negotiations.

I'm not pro or anti-Trump in this view; I’m simply looking at it as objectively as I can. My observation is that the anti-Trump camp tends to underestimate him while his supporters tend to overestimate him. I pay attention to what he says and does but also what he doesn't say and do. There are patterns and a method to his madness. He uses hyperbole and misinformation to his advantage, and it keeps people uncertain, so they don’t know what to expect and can't get comfortable. You don’t know if he’s telling the truth or bluffing. You can’t be sure about anything. But that is how he negotiates. All of this gives him control of the negotiation.

With many moving parts to digest and many variables we either don't yet know or don’t know how they will interact. On top of all that at any moment the situation can change, and the goalposts can move. Trump could decide without warning to remove or exempt a country from tariffs. He could extend or truncate the pause in tariffs. Central Banks around the world could start dropping interest rates. The outcome of the escalating trade war between the USA and China will be pivotal. China could adjust its currency or retaliate in an unexpected manner. We don’t know which countries will retaliate, compromise or give in. At any point, there are weaknesses within the global economy or financial markets and these developments can apply additional stress.

There are mixed views on how this all plays out for the global economy. While tariffs are inflationary, they are also likely to negatively impact economic growth. Central banks will soon have to make a very tough choice to make. Do they raise interest rates to fight inflation and potentially destroy the economy or do they cut interest rates to save it and risk adding fuel to the inflationary fire? Unless inflation is running out of control, I believe that a slowing economy will be seen as the biggest pain point, and in the face of an economic slowdown Central Banks will choose to cut interest rates to stimulate the economy and deal with the consequences of high inflation later. There is a long way to go, and patience is key to taking advantage of opportunities as they unfold.

Vladimir Lenin famously said, “There are decades where nothing happens, and there are weeks where decades happen.” As this situation continues to unfold and eight decades of trade agreements are upended, it appears that this is one of those times. This is all unchartered territory. I watched an interview with the legendary investor and founder of Oaktree Capital, Howard Marks where he said this is the most significant change he has seen in his illustrious 5-decade career. When someone held in such high esteem in the investment world makes a comment like that, it’s worth being mindful that this is a significant moment that should not be underestimated.

General Disclaimer: This information is of a general nature only and may not be relevant to your particular circumstances. The circumstances of each investor are different, and you should seek advice from an investment adviser who can consider if the strategies and products are right for you. Historical performance is often not a reliable indicator of future performance. You should not rely solely on historical performance to make investment decisions.

The Art of the Tariff

There are a few layers to the tariff conversation that are worth elaborating on given the recent ‘Liberation Day’ tariff announcements and the subsequent share market reaction. Firstly, there's no scenario where you introduce tariffs, and it directly results in better global growth. This is not a positive for the global economic outlook. The share market and company share prices are falling because the prospect of sustained tariffs and potential trade wars are negative for economic growth and business conditions. Investors are no longer under the illusion that Trump is just posturing.

By applying tariffs across the board, he has laid the foundation for every country to effectively renegotiate their existing deals on his behalf and make a better offer. So, in the first instance that is an efficient way to conduct a bulk negotiation. Much simpler than going from country to country one at a time. The tone has been set. Some countries are more in need of the US than others and more amenable to doing a deal. I expect those countries to be rewarded and highlighted to set the tone. Others will simply be opportunistic. Those who retaliate will be penalised.

His policies are changing the shape of global alliances. Europe understands that they can no longer rely on the US and will massively boost defence spending. When there is someone else to do the heavy lifting others will happily take a step back. But once there is not then they become surprisingly capable. So, Europe will be okay with or without the US. The implications here are far reaching and bring into question the USA’s willingness to help allies who have always assumed that they have the US protection if needed. That extends to Australia too.

Prioritising the USA’s national security is more real than ever. The initial phase of the decoupling from China in the USA supply chain saw a range of nations such as Vietnam benefiting. Suddenly imports from China fell and the US was importing more from Vietnam. It looked like the risks in the supply chain were being addressed. But simultaneously Vietnam was importing more from China. There was merely an extra link added to the chain not a new chain. The aggressive tariffs on placed like Vietnam indicate that the US is not only aware of this but very serious about genuinely decoupling from China.

Part of the complication is that the tariffs create far reaching implications across every aspect of the global economy. It will take some time for the consequences to be understood and for the second and third order effects to flow through. These areas range from manufacturing and jobs in the US to the redirection of investment capital across the world. There will be impacts on interest rates, inflation and consumer sentiment. I have concerns about stagflation in the US as this plays out.

The rise of anti-USA sentiment across the world will have an economic impact too.  Travel from Canada to the US is down 70% since the introduction of tariff talks. Will Canadians stop buying US cars like Fords and Teslas? Quite possibly. But will the rest of the world stop buying McDonalds or Coca-Cola? Will they stop using Facebook or Microsoft? I think that is unlikely. However, investors need to consider the implications of all these issues on a case-by-case basis.

Trump’s approach is all about extracting better trade outcomes for the USA in the short term and national security and strategically positioning the USA in the long term. This is all about the USA and the USA’s position in the world in the years ahead. The Trump Administration is clearly of the view that where a country benefits from engaging with the US economy then there is a price to pay to participate. When it comes to defence rightly or wrongly, this is also their attitude. As Winston Churchill once said of the US back in World War II “You can always rely on the USA to do the right thing after they have tried everything else."

General Disclaimer: This information is of a general nature only and may not be relevant to your particular circumstances. The circumstances of each investor are different, and you should seek advice from an investment adviser who can consider if the strategies and products are right for you. Historical performance is often not a reliable indicator of future performance. You should not rely solely on historical performance to make investment decisions.

Are your dreams big enough?

I remember many years ago when I was a kid sitting around the dinner table and the family discussion turned to what you would do if you won $1m on lotto. It was always fun imagining what we would do with our newfound fortune. We were talking about buying houses, going on a holiday, selecting a new car, and giving money to our closest family and friends.

But after some quick calculations, it was clear there was not much imaginary lotto money left. Suddenly we were reducing the amount we were giving to family and friends, getting a cheaper car and scaling back the holidays. There was a major problem, but it was not a financial one. It was clear to me that even in our dreams of winning the lottery we had self-imposed financial limits.

I remember saying to mum and dad, “Why don’t we just pretend we won $5m or $10m?” Everyone stopped for a minute and recalibrated. We were rich again now and there was more than enough to go around. That conversation stuck with me for the rest of my life and had a profound effect on my mindset. It was a great insight into the way people limit themselves. It made me realise that if people think like that when they dream, how limiting must their thinking and expectations be in everyday life?

Admittedly, Australia often isn’t the best place to cultivate big ambitious thinking. Tall Poppy Syndrome is alive and well. We love it when people have a go but not when people get too big for their boots. We like people to do well but not too well. I guess it's why we are the ‘lucky country’ and not the ‘massively ambitious overachieving country.’

Too often people with big dreams are discouraged by well-meaning family and friends who haven’t succeeded in achieving their dreams. We limit ourselves to smaller goals because they are more acceptable. If our goals are big, we feel self-conscious about sharing them. I think we learn that at an early age and stop dreaming big and eventually forget how.

For any young people out there, if you have a big dream go for it. But don’t waste time. Don’t get caught up in talking about it. Pursue your dream relentlessly until you make it happen. Don’t do it to impress anyone or do it for anyone but you. Life is too short to spend chasing a goal for someone else.

For any older people out there, if you have a big dream, what’s stopping you? It’s easy to become shackled within the confines of everyday life, especially once you have kids and responsibilities. But life is short and there is no better time than now to start planning to do what you’ve always wanted to do. Find a way to start working on it now so you don’t regret it later.

So next time you hear someone talk about a crazy big dream that makes you raise your eyebrows, why not take a moment to wish them well and remind them to go all in and enjoy the journey ahead. It might just be the encouragement they need at the right time to help them, on their way to becoming the next champion athlete or business success story.

General Disclaimer: This information is of a general nature only and may not be relevant to your particular circumstances. The circumstances of each investor are different, and you should seek advice from an investment adviser who can consider if the strategies and products are right for you. Historical performance is often not a reliable indicator of future performance. You should not rely solely on historical performance to make investment decisions.

The Wisdom of Poor Charlie’s Almanack

I have often talked about the wisdom of the world's best investor, Warren Buffett. However, his business partner, Charlie Munger, while less famous, is equally wise and humorous. There are so many great insights to be gained from Charlie Munger who passed away in 2023 at the age of 99. Poor Charlie’s Almanack is more than just another business book. The book is a no-nonsense guide to thinking, making decisions, and living life.

1. Rationality

Munger was obsessed with rational thinking. He’s all about using logic, not impulse, to drive decisions. The trick is knowing your biases—like confirmation bias, where you only look for information that backs up what you already think, or availability bias, where you overvalue info that’s easy to remember. These little traps can badly impact your decision-making, but if you can identify them early, you can make far better decisions. Slow down and think rationally so you don’t let excitement or fear dictate your moves. Rational thinking can be the difference between success and failure in any part of your life.

2. Patience

In today’s world of instant gratification, patience can be both rare and difficult to have. Patience isn’t just for investing; it’s a life skill. Whether you’re building a career, a business, or a personal relationship, the key to success is often hanging in there long enough to see it through. Patience doesn’t mean sitting still, it means waiting for the right moment and making the most of it when it arrives. Munger talks about the power of finding a great business or opportunity and holding on for the long term, watching it compound over time. The same applies to everything else in life.

3. Consistency

It’s not often the smartest or most talented person who succeeds, it’s the one who shows up day after day grinding it out. Munger is a huge advocate of consistency and discipline. Success is about being disciplined enough to repeat what works and avoid what doesn’t. It’s about making the right decisions again and again, even when the excitement fades. Munger isn’t talking about perfection; he’s talking about steady progress. It’s boring, but it works. It’s a key factor in long-term success, regardless of your field.

4. Don’t Get in Your Own Way

We all have flaws and Munger often talked about his. But he was also quick to point out that the most important skill you can develop is learning to avoid self-sabotage. Whether it’s overconfidence, laziness, or just ignoring good advice, making the same mistakes over and over is a sure way to fail. Munger doesn’t just encourage people to avoid these behaviors—he pushes people to understand their weaknesses, face them, and actively work to get better. It’s not about eliminating mistakes, but about minimising them by learning from past errors and being brutally honest with yourself.

5. The Multi-Disciplinary Mind

Munger was a firm believer in the power of a multi-disciplinary approach to life. His thinking here is about pulling insights from multiple areas, from economics and history to psychology and biology, whatever paints a fuller picture. It makes sense, why limit yourself to a narrow field of expertise when you can tap into the knowledge of many? If you want to make better decisions, don’t box yourself into a single framework. Instead, consider different domains and apply the best tools to whatever challenge you’re facing. It's a great way to see the bigger picture and make better choices.

6. The Power of Reading and Lifelong Learning

Munger was a lifelong learner who knew that reading is the simplest shortcut to gaining wisdom. But it’s not just business books Munger recommends, he reads across the board. He suggests that the more you expose yourself to different ideas, the sharper your thinking becomes. Books are where you get the kind of intellectual flexibility that can help you solve problems in ways that others can’t even imagine. If you’re not reading regularly, you’re missing out. This reminds me of the famous quote by Mark Twain “The man who does not read has no advantage over the man who cannot read.”

7. Reputation and Integrity

Reputation is everything. You can lose money, time, and even opportunities, but once you lose your reputation, it’s nearly impossible to get it back. Munger’s success was rooted in doing business with integrity and maintaining a strong moral compass. He’s a firm believer that, in the end, the people who thrive are the ones who do the right thing—even when no one’s looking. Reputation isn’t just about avoiding doing the wrong thing; it’s about keeping your word and treating people well. Munger’s advice? Build a reputation based on trust and decency, and everything else will fall into place.

Poor Charlie’s Almanack isn’t just about making investment and money, it’s a blueprint for living a thoughtful, rational, and disciplined life. Munger’s style is simple: think better, wait longer, and avoid missteps along the way. It’s timeless advice that, when followed, will stand the test of time.

General Disclaimer: This information is of a general nature only and may not be relevant to your particular circumstances. The circumstances of each investor are different, and you should seek advice from an investment adviser who can consider if the strategies and products are right for you. Historical performance is often not a reliable indicator of future performance. You should not rely solely on historical performance to make investment decisions.